The pharmaceutical expenditure monitoring that AIFA periodically publishes is an essential prerequisite of pharmaceutical care planning activities in Italy.

AIFA conducts monthly monitoring of pharmaceutical expenditure data and reports its findings to the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Economy and Finance at the same frequency. AIFA also verifies whether the expenditure ceilings are exceeded at the national level, both for pharmaceutical expenditure under approved care regime and for direct purchases, as established by the budget law.

Monitoring of pharmaceutical spending is conducted on the basis of data of expenditure under approved care regime and Summary Bills of Accounts (DCRs) acquired by Italian regions, as well as on data acquired from the Ministry of Health's New National Information System (SIS) related to drug traceability (Ministerial Decree July 15, 2004).

As of January 1, 2022 (Decree Law No. 73 of May 25, 2021), the Fund established in 2017 to contribute to reimbursement to the regions for the purchase of innovative oncology medicines and the Fund established for non-oncology medicines were unified into a single Innovative Medicines Fund whose allocation is 1,000 million euros, increased by 100 million euros for the year 2022, 200 million euros for the year 2023 and 300 million euros as of the year 2024.